Yet another study shows importance of not dallying before salvage radiation

 Getting started early with salvage radiation improves the odds of success, yet another study shows. In this study, an important PSA cutpoint was shown to be 0.25 ng/ml:

"In a study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Derya Tilki, MD, and colleagues identified a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level cutpoint, above which initiation of salvage radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with prostate cancer."  Source: The ASCO Post, March 7, 2023. https://ascopost.com/news/march-2023/psa-level-at-time-of-salvage-radiation-therapy-after-radical-prostatectomy-and-risk-of-all-cause-mortality/

In my case, because my urologist wasn't watching me like a hawk, and because Christmas and New Year's hit at the time I was trying to make appointments, I started SRT much later than 0.25.  I was fortunate that it still worked, and apparently cured my cancer.

16 years after salvage radiation, my PSA...

Just had a PSA done--still less than 0.10.  I had been frantic a couple of years ago when I had two ultrasensitive tests done just over a year apart. The first one showed .02, and was the first PSA that was "detectable" since salvage radiation did its job in 2007. Then in 2021 I had another ultrasensitive test. It was 0.05, or more than double.  I went to a prostate cancer oncologist, who reassured me that it was probably nothing. He said he didn't order ultrasensitive tests for people like me (post-surgery, post-radiation). So we've gone with the regular assay.

If my PSA had really been rising at the rate it seemed to on the ultrasensitive test, I would have easily passed the 0.1 mark on the standard assay by now. The fact that it did not is quite reassuring.  I've now had multiple standard PSA tests, all "less than 0.1".  No threat.

Lymphoma, treatment for lymphoma, or more likely, my heart, is the real threat to making it as long as my parents have. Both parents are alive and well, in the 80s and 90s.  My grandmother is over 105! 

Anyway, that's it for now.  

Latest Salvage Radiation News

 Some recent discoveries in salvage radiation

Early salvage RT after prostatectomy improves outcomes: https://www.cancertherapyadvisor.com/home/news/conference-coverage/american-society-of-clinical-oncology-genitourinary-asco-gu/asco-gu-2022/early-salvage-radiation-after-surgery-improves-mfs-in-recurrent-prostate-cancer/  (Research continues to confirm that earlier is better if you need SRT.)

When to Add ADT to Early or Late Salvage Radiation: https://www.urotoday.com/video-lectures/prostate-cancer-genomic-classifier/video/2269-when-to-add-adt-to-early-or-late-salvage-radiation-dan-spratt.html (I didn't have ADT, otherwise known as hormone therapy, but in higher-risk cases it makes sense)

Salvage Radiotherapy versus Observation for Biochemical Recurrence: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35159007/. (Salvage radiation was associated with better long-term survival, both in terms of being free of metastatic disease and overall survival.)

 Yesterday's PSA: less than 0.10.  Hurrah!

My oncologist does not like ultrasensitive PSA tests for men in my position (many years after apparently successful treatment). 

I'll take it. Even if my PSA is creeping up on the ultrasensitive test, the doubling time would appear to be pretty long--like a year or more--and so I'm not going to have any problem with prostate cancer for a long time, if ever.

Had a bunch of tests related to lymphoma as well, and they're all fine. That cancer is staying nice and sleepy, and not causing me any problems (i.e. it's not impacting my red or white blood cell counts, or my spleen, or causing any symptoms).

I'm now going back to trying to get my percent body fat down to a healthier level. I'm at 20% right now, and would prefer to get back to 18% or lower. I'd also like to lose a couple of inches on the waist. I used Noom before, but I didn't really like it, so I'm going to try MyFitnessPal, an app that counts calories, activity, nutrients, etc. Gotta get back into the hiking, biking, spin classes, and strength training.

Watching Reacher on Prime Video--it's really compelling!  I've read some of the novels. Well done on this one, Amazon. I think you missed the target on Wheel of Time, though. 

 PSA 0.05 

My PSA is maybe rearing its head after 15 years. An ultrasensitive test in mid-2020 was .02. In August it was 0.05 (different lab).

I saw a medical oncologist who specializes in prostate cancer. His advice: don't sweat it, we'll start monitoring every 3 months for a while, see if anything is really going on. I'll get tested again early next year.

Meantime, I've got lymphoma, and start seeing a specialist for that soon. Doesn't appear to be an immediate problem--the kind I've got is incurable, but highly treatable, and median survival times are now stretching out to 20+ years for it.  The close monitoring and scans by the hematologist (who works at the same practice as the prostate oncologist) should help insure neither cancer poses a serious threat anytime soon.

Salvage Radiation Nomogram Updated

This is exciting stuff for people contemplating salvage radiation after prostatectomy.

https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/2015/10/updated-nomogram-predicts-modern-outcomes-after-salvage-radiotherapy-following-radical-prostatectomy/

"A contemporary update of a 2007 predictive nomogram for salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy offers a modernized forecast of cure compared to its predecessor."

"The updated 2016 nomogram takes into account the more recent trend of treating patients at lower PSA levels than in the past (“early SRT”). Randomized trials published since the original nomogram was created have demonstrated the benefit of early SRT in high-risk patients."

Various things on my mind..

It's Halloween. Here's hoping you have more treats than tricks this year.

My PSA 9 years, one month after salvage radiation (SRT) ended, is still less than 0.1.  I had an employer health screen earlier this month and checked it.

In the meantime, I have developed heart palpitations (preventricular contractions), a murmur (mitral valve prolapse) and right bundle branch block. None of these are currently dangerous in my case, according to my cardiologist, but they have my attention.  They're a reminder that despite apparently beating prostate cancer, I'm still mortal, still in late middle age, and one day the Reaper will come mowing for me.

Here's a question that I once asked, and I see asked all the time on discussion boards like HealingWell and CancerForums.net:

"I had a prostatectomy x years ago, and now my PSA is rising.  It's at 0.4, up from 0.1 a few months ago.  Should I get radiation? I hear there's only a 50/50 chance it will work."

Well, how old are you?  That's a key question.  If you're 85, you may well want to skip radiation, see how your PSA tracks, and look into hormone therapy if things progress far enough.  If you're 45, I would run, not walk, to the best radiation oncologist I could find.  The reason is that if you're young enough for prostate cancer to progress and kill you, you need to pursue a cure.  Hormone therapy (ADT) won't cure you. If you're elderly, it might be as good as a cure, but if you're young, it's only going to--maybe--stall the cancer.  A 50/50 chance?  It's more nuanced than that, if you want to look into nomograms. Most people don't.  When you get prostate cancer under 50, your youth is a double-edged sword. You will heal faster from treatment, but you have decades for it to come back and...BOO! get you. 

These days, compared to when I was treated, there is a chance you can locate mets with a sensitive scan, and attack those spots specifically. But your PSA has to advance significantly first, and the higher your PSA before salvage radiation, the lower your chances for success (google Andrew Stephenson and salvage radiation outcome).  

Sometimes a layperson or even a doctor will advise the patient that they can wait until PSA gets to something like 2.0 ng/ml.  But that's not wise.  (Again, look up what Andrew Stephenson at Cleveland Clinic found out in long-range studies).  

So if you're a young guy, say, 50 or younger, and you are diagnosed with prostate cancer, my nonprofessional advice to you is to strongly consider a treatment with a known track record, like surgery.  It seems to have a slight edge in long term success for younger patients--less so with older ones.  And, youngster, if your PSA starts climbing after surgery, look into salvage radiation and don't delay. 

If you've had a prostatectomy, salvage radiation is probably going to be a walk in the park. So don't get overly anxious about it. It's a painless, easy treatment. If you have side effects, they'll probably be mild and temporary.  There's no guarantee it will work, but let's say your chances are 50/50.  Isn't that better than zero?  With any luck, you'll be like me, looking forward to some spectacular cardiopulmonary event to shuffle off the mortal coil.

Cue Haunted Mansion music.  (It's Halloween, after all).

My PSA remains less than 0.1.
It was 8 years ago now that I was going to the hospital every morning, Monday through Friday, and laying down while the invisible X-rays did their magic. It was hard to believe something was actually happening to the cancer cells deep inside. But it was!  It was!

Listening for the canary.

Had my annual PSA draw this morning.  It's been 8 years since I underwent salvage radiation (SRT) for a rising PSA after prostatectomy.

Latest Salvage Radiation News

Freie Universität Berlin (Wikimedia Commons)

Researchers in Germany have completed a followup study on 151 patients. The median followup time was 82 months.
They found a 55% recurrence rate in salvage radiation (SRT) patients. This confirms several other studies around the world that show in the long term, most salvage radiation patients will show at least biochemical recurrence. (In the short run, it's just the opposite) . However, the study also showed very few prostate cancer deaths during the followup period. And the study confirmed other research since 2004: pre-SRT PSA level is a critical factor in predicting the outcome of salvage radiation.  The lower your PSA at the time of salvage radiation, the better.  The takeaway? If you're considering salvage radiation, don't dally.

Lohm G, Lütcke J, Jamil B, Höcht S, Neumann K, Hinkelbein W, Wiegel T, Bottke
D. Salvage radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer and biochemical relapse 
after radical prostatectomy : Long-term follow-up of a single-center survey.
Strahlenther Onkol. 2014 Feb 28. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24577132.

Blood draw for annual PSA this morning. Stay tuned...

Zero point five: a number to remember

Earlier is better when it comes to salvage radiation therapy (SRT) another study reports. This had been clearly identified by Stephenson et al., in the past. This time the study comes from Italy and is reported in European Urology: nearly 3/4 of men who had SRT at PSA levels of 0.5 or lower were alive and  free of biochemical progression nearly 5 years later.  (Being free of biochemical progression basically means undetectable PSA).

So if your PSA has risen after prostatectomy, and you're considering radiation as a second attempt at a cure, time is of the essence. If your doctor says it's okay to wait until you hit 1.0, or, God forbid, 2.0; run, don't walk, to get a second opinion from a radiation oncologist who is more up-to-date on the literature. 

A lot of the time with prostate cancer, time isn't that critical. But with salvage radiation, the clock is ticking.

My History of Prostate Cancer.

A long time ago, in a pelvis far, far away:




Age 38
8 Dec 2000
bothered by frequent urination, went to primary care phys.
PSA 4.5
PCP said prostate was boggy
referred to Urologist
Biopsy Ordered

Jan 2001
Biopsy:  negative for cancer, findings consistent with prostatitis

Age 39
16 Jul 2001
PSA 4.1

20 March 2002
PSA 6.1
START Cipro 500mg daily for 3 wks, Motrin 800 mg daily

Age 40
30 May 2002
PSA 5.7
Free PSA 11.9%
CONTINUE Motrin
Urologist believes probably prostatitis

30 Sep 2002
PSA 7.3
Free PSA 11.3%
START Avodart
STOP Motrin
ORDER Biopsy

November 2002
Biopsy:  negative for cancer, but PIN III found

31 Jan 2003
PSA 2.2
Stop Avodart

Age 41
03 Sep 2003
PSA 4.9
Restart Avodart

23 Jan 2004
PSA 2.2
Continue Avodart

Age 42
24 July 2004
PSA 2.5
Continue Avodart

26 Jan 2005
PSA 3.3
Continue Avodart

29 Apr 2005
PSA 2.9
Continue Avodart

Age 43
11 Jan 2006
PSA 4.8 (on Avodart)
Abnormal DRE
Biopsy ordered

7 Feb 2006
Biopsy finds cancer
PIN also found
No perineural invasion
Gleason 3+4
20% on right
5% on left

Age 44
14 April 2006
SURGERY
Robotic prostatectomy
Positive margin at apex and left lobe
No perineural invasion identified
Extension into capsule, but not through
Gleason 3+4
70% of gland involved
stage t2c NX MX


16 May 2006
PSA less than 0.1

15 Aug 2006
PSA 0.2

14 Dec 2006
PSA 0.6

REFERRED FOR RADIATION

Day before radiation commenced, PSA = 0.7

Radiation Jan-Mar 2007.  PSA quickly fell to less than 0.1 and remains there as of early 2013, now age 51.
No side effects from radiation at this point.

Latest Salvage Radiation News

A small, in-house study from the Graduate School of Medicine in Kyoto, Japan found multiple, independent risk factors for recurrence after salvage radiation (SRT). These were:

• Gleason at or above 8
• PSA nadir (low point) after SRT at or above 0.04 ng/ml
• Negative surgical margins

They found that 77.8% of patients in their study with zero risk factors were free of PSA progression five years later.  50% of patients with one risk factor were progression-free, and only 6.7% of patients with two or three risk factors were progression-free at the 5 year mark. 

In my own case, I was okay on the Gleason and surgical margins, but I don't know my PSA nadir to that level of specificity. 

This was an interesting little study, but I trust Andrew Stephenson's much larger one a lot more.

Kyoto blossoms. Photo: jmurawski  Creative Commons license.

Blood draw today

Had blood drawn for PSA (and cholesterol) today, which coincidentally is the 6th anniversary of the start of my salvage radiation.  Probably get the results by the end of the month.  Not nearly as nervous as I have been in the past.

so long, farewell, auf wiedersehen, adieu..

My radiation oncologist told me that since my PSA has been less than 0.1, and my DREs have been normal now for five years, he is releasing me from his care.  So I'll just have my PSA checked along with my other lab work (cholesterol, CBC) every six months, by my primary care doctor.
He's a great guy, and I hope I never see him again (at least in the office!)

PSA update, 4 years, 4 months post-SRT

My latest PSA, now 4 1/3 years after completing salvage radiation, is still <0.1 .

Latest Salvage Radiation News

Researchers in Munich, Germany, studied 96 men at a single institution, and found that--as did earlier research done by William Catalona and others--that although most men show a significant drop in PSA after SRT, in the long run, most will see their PSA start to rise.  In this case, 35% remained free of PSA progression at 5 years post-SRT.

Outcome After Conformal Salvage Radiotherapy in Patients With Rising Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels After Radical Prostatectomy.

Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München

 

 

 

Outcome of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical failure

Outcome of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with or without hormonal therapy.

Not sure how I missed this one--probably because I usually search "radiation" and not "radiotherapy"--but a study from MD Anderson in 2005 reaffirmed the idea that the earlier you start, the better, with salvage. Like Stephenson et al at Cleveland Clinic, they found that the best results were obtained when the man's pre-radiation PSA was 0.5 or less.

The MD Anderson study put men into two groups: favorable and unfavorable. Those in the favorable group had pre-RT PSAs of 0.5 or less, and positive margins. Unfavorable included everyone else. 81.7% of those in the favorable group had no PSA progression 5 years later, compared to 61.7% in the unfavorable.

I'm in the unfavorable group. The 61.7% chance of being progression free at 5 years (which would be spring of 2012 for me) matches up well with other research I've read.
___________________________________________________________

Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Sep 1;63(1):134-40.

Outcome of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy with or without hormonal therapy.

Cheung R, Kamat AM, de Crevoisier R, Allen PK, Lee AK, Tucker SL, Pisters L, Babaian RJ, Kuban D.

Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. mrcheung@mdanderson.org

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the outcome of salvage radiotherapy for biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy (RP). By comparing the outcomes for patients who received RT alone and for those who received combined RT and hormonal therapy, we assessed the potential benefits of hormonal therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cohort was comprised of 101 patients who received salvage RT between 1990 and 2001 for biochemical failure after RP. Fifty-nine of these patients also received hormone. Margin status (positive vs. negative), extracapsular extension (yes vs. no), seminal vesicle involvement (yes vs. no), pathologic stage, Gleason score, pre-RP PSA, post-RP PSA, pre-RT PSA, hormonal use, radiotherapy dose and technique, RP at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and time from RP to salvage RT were analyzed. Statistically significant variables were used to construct prognostic groups. RESULTS: Independent prognostic factors for the RT-alone group were margin status and pre-RT PSA. RP at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center was marginally significant (p = 0.06) in multivariate analysis. Pre-RT PSA was the only significant prognostic factor for the combined-therapy group. We used a combination of margin status and pre-RT PSA to construct a prognostic model for response to the salvage treatment based on the RT group. We identified the favorable group as those patients with positive margin and pre-RT PSA < or =" 0.5" p =" 0.03).">

PMID: 16111581 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

Salvage Radiation: Nomogram updates

It looks like the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Salvage Radiation Therapy nomogram on Nomograms.org (direct URL: http://www.mskcc.org/applications/nomograms/prostate/SalvageRadiationTherapy.aspx ) has been updated. It's now easier to use and the response makes sense. It used to give your result as post-surgery rather than post-radiation.
I had been thinking that the nomogram was too pessimistic, compared to the paper version. But what I didn't realize was that four months after the paper version was released in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, an erratum was published that corrected a mistake in regards to pre-radiation androgen deprivation (hormonal therapy). The corrected PAPER version of this important tool is here: http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/vol25/issue26/images/large/zlj0150759390003.jpeg ; however, I see no reason to use it because the digital nomogram is much easier, quicker to use, and less prone to human error.

Now both paper and online versions tell me that I've got a 39% chance of being progression free at 6 years. That jibes pretty well with Catalona's research that showed that long term success with prostate salvage radiation is uncommon--only about 25% of patients overall are progression free at 10 years. Of those who had a complete response to radiation, as I did, Catalona found that 35% were free from PSA progression.

The full text of the original article (remember, the nomogram in this original article is not correct) is here: http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/25/15/2035.

If you have a rising PSA after prostatectomy, and you're considering salvage radiation, I encourage you to read the original article and use the online nomogram at Memorial Sloan-Kettering.